Four-hand vs. Two-hand Pianos Compositions

Four-hand vs. Two-hand Pianos Compositions Free Online Research Papers Chamber Music LiteratureTerm Paper: Piano Ensembles Pianos are usually used as a solo instrument or accompanying other instruments. However, composers have written numerous compositions for two or more pianos in addition to four-hand piano compositions. In addition, a few composers have written some substantial works about pianos collaborating with other instruments. Representative compositions include: Mozart’s two-piano and three-piano concertos, Bartok’s Concerto for Two Pianos, Percussion and Orchestra and the sonata for two pianos and percussion. I would like to specifically focus on the differences between the four-hand piano and the two pianos compositions. When two pianists sit on a bench and share one keyboard, we call it piano-four-hand (piano duettists). When two pianists sit on different benches and perform on two different grand pianos, we call them â€Å"duo pianists†. When numerous pianos are used together to perform by different pianists, we call them â€Å"piano ensembles†. For example: the Ten-Piano Ensemble. I think that the compositions for the four hands have more limitations to develop both for the performers and composers. Because two pianists are sharing one keyboard, one is limit ed to play on either the high register or the low register of the piano. For the part written for the high register of the piano, we call it â€Å"Primo†. â€Å"Secondo† is the part written for the lower register of the piano. The pianist playing the primo part is usually in charge of the main melodies and the secondo part is usually in charge of the basic bass-line harmonies to give the listeners a clear sense of the harmonies. Physically, it is more difficult to play four-hand than playing the two pianos in my opinion. First of all, two pianists need to sit closely although not necessarily on the same bench. Secondly, they need to share one keyboard which is usually designed for just one pianist. As a result, it is easy for their hands and bodies to be touched by the other pianist and it easily causes discomforts. Compositions for two pianos offer more opportunities for exploring the quality of the pianos and the two pianists share the responsibilities equally. Because the pianists do not share one keyboard, there is no register limitation for the composers for each pianist. It allows them to be able to write more virtuosic passages because of the register. Thus, the textures are more complex and the sounds are fuller and have much variety. The difficulties for the composers are how to write balanced parts for each pianist. Compared to four-hands, piano duos are also visually more effective. The pianists are facing one to each other and the pianos are placed across each other. Performers can only see the other through their eyes. It will be more difficult to collaborate the other in this way. From the Baroque period, there have been many composers writing fantastic works for numerous pianos. Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Poulenc, Chopin, Schumann, Brahms, Debussy, and Ravel all wrote duos or concertos for two (or more) keyboards and orchestra or composed duo piano arrangements of other works. In the twenty centuries, the representative composers are Saint-Saà «ns, Debussy, Rachmaninoff, Stravinsky, and Milhaud.Playing four-hand or two pianos requires high level of collaboration and similarities in personalities and musical ideas; as a result, four-hand or two pianos are usually successfully performed by sisters, brothers, close friends and lovers. Below are a few famous Two-piano duos: Robert Gaby Casadesus (husband, and wife); Argerich with friends: Stephen Kovacevich, and Nelson Freire; Sisters: the Pekinel sisters.The two main comp ositions I am going to focus on and make comparison are Mozart’s Variations in G major for four hand, k. 501 and Mozart’s Sonata in D Major for Two Pianos, k. 448. Mozart’s theme and variations in G major is a small-scale composition which contains only one theme, five variations and one fugue. This piece is said to originally written for two pianos. Generally speaking, the primo part takes charge throughout the whole composition. In the theme, First Variation, Second Variation, Third Variations, the primo part is in charge of the main melodies and the secondo part is basically accompanying the primo part. However, in the Fourth, Fifth Variation and the Fugue, the primo and secondo parts are playing more equal roles. The Fourth Variation and the fugue are the only parts in the composition that are in minor and they portrait a contrast mood than the rest. The Fifth variation is full of virtuosic passages and is humorous and witty. The musical ideas and structure of this composition expand gradually as the piece goes on. It reaches the highlight in the fugue . Mozart’s D major sonata was written in 1781 for a performance by Mozart and J. v. Auernhammer. It is a predominantly antiphonal type of writing for two pianos. The atmosphere is full of energy and spirits. Compared to the theme and variations, k. 501, it has more substantial sonority. There are also more contrast thematic ideas in movements. Unlike the theme and variations which the primo part basically takes the charge, in this sonata, each piano plays more equal roles. Because there is no register limitation, more virtuosic passages are written in both pianos: for example: the scales and arpeggios are all over the place. For me, it sounds even like a Mozart piano concerto arranged for two pianos, except there is no cadenza in the first or third movement. The first movement is in a grand sonata form. The beginning of it is like an orchestra tutti. It is full of majesty and brilliance. The second piano starts the second theme which displays a different character-cute and humo rous. The second movement, at first, the second piano is just playing the role of accompanying the first piano. Latter, the first and second pianos have sweet dialogues. The third movement is full of wit and humor. The first piano and second piano collaborate and alternate to sing out the main melodies. Research Papers on Four-hand vs. Two-hand Pianos CompositionsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Hockey GameWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export QuotasHip-Hop is ArtMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office System

ESL Beginning Opposites Lesson Plan

ESL Beginning Opposites Lesson Plan Learning new vocabulary often requires hooks - memory devices that help students remember the words they have learned. Here is a quick, traditional and effective exercise focusing on pairing opposites. The opposites have been divided into beginner, intermediate and advanced level lessons. The exercise can be done as a matching exercise, or, for a greater challenge, students can be asked to come up with the opposites themselves. Both types of exercises are included in the resource section of this lesson. Aim: Improving vocabulary through the use of opposites Activity: Matching opposites Level: Beginner Outline: Divide students into small groups and distribute the opposites worksheet. Ask students to either match the opposites (exercise 1) or write the opposites (exercise 2). If you have more time, you can ask students to first match the opposites and then write out the opposites individually. Alternatively, you could give exercise as follow-up homework. Correct in class. Expand the exercise by asking students to provide synonyms. Exercise 1 - Match the Opposites boyspeakoldrightfarfootsisterwifeblackcoolbuycleansmallwomanbegindrinkfullfatstand upfathershorthardcoldlight big, largebrotherdark, heavydirtyeatemptyendgirlhead, handhothusbandleft, wronglistenlong, tallmanmothernear, closenew, youngsellsit downsoft, easythinwarmwhite Exercise 2 - Fill in the Opposites boyspeakoldrightfarfootsisterwifeblackcoolbuycleansmallwomanbegindrinkfullfatstand upfathershorthardcoldlight Intermediate Level Opposites Advanced Level Opposites Back to lessons resource page

American Dietary Guidelines Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Dietary Guidelines - Assignment Example The assignment "American Dietary Guidelines" discusses the dietary guidelines for Americans. With an exponentially increasing financial budget on managing diet-oriented chronic diseases, the American dietary guidelines play a crucial role in ensuring Americans focus on promoting health and minimization of disease. Weight management involves regulation of factors contributing to obesity and avoiding it. There are emphasize consumption low sodium and solid fats, sugars, and cholesterol, as well as alcohol as these, contribute to poor diet-related chronic diseases. The guidelines recommend the increase of foods with adequate nutrients, and that prevent diseases like whole grains, low-fat milk and fat-free milk products like lean meat eggs, peas, oils, and unsalted nuts and seeds. With the knowledge of what to eat, what not to eat, and how to balance one’s weight through calories, the guidelines provide information on how to define a healthy eating pattern in order to minimize the ir nutrient requirements.The major recommendations are for Americans to ensure they adhere to consuming balanced calorie intake while incorporating physical activity as a way of managing weight. Another recommendation is on consumption of increased amounts of some nutrients including vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat, and fat-free products. Americans are urged to consume food that constitutes low amounts of saturated fats, sodium like salt, added sugars, cholesterol, trans fats, and refined grains.

Clarifying Your Values Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clarifying Your Values - Assignment Example Ethical conflict arose when important values of the company were to be considered in solving the Pinto fire cases. Ford, as a business, aims to achieve profits in all their activities. Thus, their values of being honest to their customers and ensuring success began to conflict. It would be hard to come up with a cost-benefit decision, which would be advantageuos to both the company and buyers of the Ford Pinto vehicle. The main affected parties were users of the Ford Pinto vehicles. Many of them were grieved with loss of life, yet other emerged unscathed, but still their lives had been at risk. In many cases, their vehicles were destroyed as a result of the accidents. Moreover, other individulas were also affected by the accidents. This includes grieved families and the parties involved during an accident. The alternative courses of action were not encouraging to the company. This is because the price of the Pinto had to increase as Ford tried to improve the safety of their vehicles. This resulted in loss of market as their competitors, with cheaper vehicles attracted more customers. The safety incentives would also lead to loss of trunk space within the vehicle, making it less competitive within the market. Moreover, the cost of prodcution would increase as the company has to construct new facilities to be used in improving their vehicles. A company is obligated to ensure that its products and services are safe for use by their consumers. Customer retention should be considered as this is facilitated by doing what is expected by the company (Berg, 2012). In the case of Ford, they did not improve the safety of their Pinto vehicle, risking the likes of its users. Thus, they have not met their obligations to their customers. I have various community standards that guide me as a person of integrity. Harmony is one of them. It is a basic standard, which ensures that the various members of the community can interact peacefully. It acts as

Reflective Account On Social Theory Social Work Essay

Reflective Account On Social Theory Social Work Essay This assignment will critically reflect upon the learning that I have gained through group participation. It will also look at what knowledge I have learnt in relation to how I look at putting theory into practice. It will also explore how these theories interconnect and how I used elements of psychology and sociology to explain how I might work with individuals in future practice. As a group we chose to analyse scenario two, the case of Fiona and mainly focused on her mental health issues, her lack of support as a result of family breakdown and her social isolation. To begin with we identified that Fiona seemed to have a lack of control in her life and as a group we felt that this was a huge area that needed to be addressed. To begin to support Fiona she needed to be given meaningful choice and valuable options (Clark, 2000, p.57) in order for her to gain greater control over her life and her circumstances. As a social worker we promote social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment of liberation of people to enhance well-being. (IFSW, 2000, cited in Banks, p.3).This was an important aspect to remember when applying theory to Fiona. Theory in social work is an attempt to explain situations and social relationships. So to be begin with as a group we began to look at theories that may help Fiona holistically such as Marxist theory and in particular conflict theory which seeks to examine structural inequality within society. This theory argues that society is structured along lines of inequality such as wealth, health and income thus providing people with different life chances which in turn can result in different life experiences. So whilst this theory could be linked to Fiona with her structural issues of deprivation and relative poverty and the issue of crime and deviancy in her neighbourhood, this was not the main focus that our group were concerned with and we wanted to concentrate more on her social isolation and her lack of a support network. Systems theory was looked at by the group and I came to understand that this theory would fit perfectly with what we were focusing on. Although I did not do much research into this theory for the group work I did get a greater understanding of how this theory would link to Fiona. Systems theory is a functionalist perspective that takes into account how individuals relate to one another and society as a whole. It would seem that this theory is popular with social work texts and in practice as it has been suggested that it can be attributed to the consistency with social works long-standing mission to understand and respond to people in their environment (Bartlett, 1970, cited in Healy, 2005, p.89). This theory seeks to provide ways to understand problems and issues and after perusing through some of the literature, I had to agree that this theory links closely to an empowerment approach which aims to seek social change at both an individual and a social level for a service user and as I already know, empowerment is a core component of social work practice. From the start as a group we always knew that we were going to apply cognitive theory to Fiona. As part of my individual research I focused on cognitive theory and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as this was the perspective that we felt as a group would be most beneficial to Fiona. While researching this theory my understanding of it was that Fiona needed to address the distorted picture she had of herself as she was blaming herself for experiences not of her making. She had low self-esteem and low self-efficacy and as such she had developed faulty cognitions about herself. Wessler (1986, cited in Gross, 2005, p.286) suggests that CBT is the attempt to change cognition and is always a means to an end, that end being lasting changes in target emotions and behaviour. This I felt is exactly what Fiona needed to do. She needed to change the ways she thinks (her cognition) so she can change what she does (her behaviour) and as such this is the theory that we are a group used in our pres entation. It became evident the more I researched CBT that this is a theory that could be applied to many service users as the struggles of daily life can be stressful and CBT could help them cope better in the future as it can be completed in a relatively short time. I gained a vast amount of knowledge about why social workers use theory as we prepared for the group presentation. I understand now that theory helps to explain a situation and perhaps how that situation came about. I recognise that theory can be seen as helping to describe (what is happening), explain (why it is happening) and predict (what is likely to happen next). In practice, if I understand all the above I can help to control a situation and bring about change for the service user. I began to recognise that there is no one single theory that can explain everything. Theories have limitations too and will not work for everyone. I learnt that much of the theory that is used in social work is drawn from outside the profession and has its roots in psychology and sociology and that we should always apply the value base to theory. Theory can help to avoid discrimination and as social workers we are orientated towards anti-oppressive and empowerment practices which seek social change. Dominelli (2002 p.4) suggests that social workers can help individuals to understand their situation, make connections between their personal plight and that of others, examine power relations and their impact on the specifics of their daily routines and acquire the knowledge and skills for taking control of their lives. When theory is used in practice it can undo jumbled information and give the social worker more direction in their work with the service user. Using theory in practice can give an explanation about why an action resulted in a particular consequence and as such can help the social worker to review and possible change in an attempt to make the consequences more effective. It became clear to me as I researched that theory is important in practice both for the service user and for the social worker to be more valued in society.

Online Payroll System Essay

This chapter presents a brief discussion and introduction about the proposed system, the Online Payroll System. Its conceptual framework, the process of the existing manual based system as well as the automated process of the proposed system, the problems and the possible ways to minimize the hassle of the existing system, and the objectives and significance of the study. Introduction Every employee needs to be paid for the services he provides. For this to happen, the employer must have a payroll system in place. So obviously, there are benefits to be derived from using a payroll system. A payroll system is the method used by payroll professionals to pay employees for their services. As computer technology changes at such fast phase, many businesses sectors try to cope up by upgrading computer system constantly in order to stay competitive. The multi-function ability of technology for its advance system is also an important factor for a company to use software. It makes efficient use of the advance technology and has ambition to discover more. Computers have the great impact on the profession of accounting. With the rapid growth of technology today, there is no doubt that computer will become a common asset in all profession. The program also allows the monthly payroll schedule to be calculated accurately. Just by having all employees’ info like name, working hours, pay rate many others to enter in the database. Therefore, payroll can be done with the guide of the program. The system is good in for its specialty in the fields of accounting. It is easy to use, effective and efficient in organizing and calculating the payroll. In addition, this study aims to develop a reliable and manageable computerized  payroll system for Eastwoods Professional College of Science and Technology for a better manageable of a business. The Proposed Online Payroll System will give a big relief of the employee and employers as well. Payroll consists of the process by which a business pays its employees for work performed during a specific period. A payroll system allows businesses to follow a set series of processes in order to make timely, correct payments incompliance with government regulations. A payroll system may be manual or computerized and handled in-house or outsourced to another provider. The payroll process typically includes calculating employee pay, recording payroll transactions and determining and paying payroll taxes. A company must have in place a timekeeping system that accurately reflects the hours put in employees as well as the regular salary payments for exempt workers. Employers typically withhold federal income tax from employee earnings; at the end of the year, they must report all wages, tips and other compensation paid. The solution has to take care of calculation of salary as per rules of the company. This Online Payroll System is a full-featured system that manages financial information of every employee in an organization. It computes and processes the payroll in the certain payroll period. This Online Payroll System is also a flexible compensation administration solution. It is designed to help human resource professionals as well as finance and accounting personnel to manage employee compensation, deductions, allowances, and benefits in an  organization. The system is integrated with the Employee’s information, offers efficient features and functionalities to manage company’s expenses. Background of the Study Nowadays all establishment are becoming modernized, they use modern technologies to make their transaction fast, easy, and accurate in order to avoid waste of time and for the sake of safety and security. It also helps human to solve and understand complex problem and analysis such us the  computational need of humans. Especially to business establishment or corporation processing enormous data and complex transaction. Payroll is an example of a complex transaction because it is a critical business operation dealing with numerous accounts and produce plenty and confidential files. Payroll is encompasses every employee of a company who receives a regular wages or other compensation due to each. Applying manual procedure on a Payroll transaction involving the vast beat answer in that problem would be computer because computers can simulate enormous data and can process complex transaction in a fast and efficient way. It can generate numerous accounts and data accurately. An Online Pa yroll System will not only provide accurate calculation and fast process of Payroll transaction but it will secure data through security implementation and accordingly arrange files provided by a well-designed database that will produce a paperless environment. Conceptual Framework The group gathered some data and information by conducting feasibility studies on heads of every department in EASTWOODS Professional College of Science and Technology by conducting an interview with them on how the user monitor and manage the items respectively, specifically to the main user of the inventory which is the admin. a. Process of the Existing System b. Process of the Proposed System Statement of the Problem The existing system expected to encounter problems with regards in the manual computation of the employee’s income. It might have an error in the computation because it is manually calculated. Moreover, the manual system needs so much effort and spends so many papers which is obviously expensive. Due to this, the developers think of the different possibilities wherein, the problems that were encountered in the manual-based payroll system will be taken away. The study intends to minimize the hassle in bookkeeping and calculating the employee’s income.The group seeks to answer the following: 1. Can the system lessen the hassle in data storage and calculation of  employee’s income of the payroll systems? 2. Can the system be able to surpass on the following criteria: Accuracy Security Reliability Accessibility Efficiency Flexibility Effectiveness and Functionality 3. From manually to online way of data storage and calculation of employee’s income in the proposed payroll system, what are the different advantages? Objective of the Study General Objectives To develop a network-based payroll system for Eastwoods Professional College of Science and Technology, that is user-friendly, more accurate, more efficient, and can easily produce reports of the transactions faster. Specific Objectives In order to fulfill our objective, we will observe the following: 1. To conduct an interview about the current payroll system. 2. Observed how the current payroll system performs the operations. 3. To identify the different problems of manual payroll system. 4. To help the municipal hall and the employee to make their work faster and shorter. 5. To identify problems in using the system through data flow diagram. 6. To design a new system that is an online based. Significance of the Study a. Economic Significance For the system is paperless, the proposed system is economically significant because it can lessen the expenses such as spending money for buying papers. b. Educational Significance The proposed system is educationally significant because the administrator may discover some new learning on how to develop and improve the system so that it become more reliable and more useful. c. Operational Significance The proposed system is very significant when it comes to the operation because it can avoid the hassle in calculating the employee’s income. Moreover, through the proposed system, it can lessen the error in calculation. Also, the data encoded in the proposed system is secure when disaster comes likes flood, typhoon, tsunami and many others. d. Legal Significance Scope and Limitation The scope of the developed system is to generate an Online Payroll System which is capable of calculating the employee’s income. The main user, which is the admin can use this Online Payroll System to calculate and store the encoded data online. The proposed system can automatically calculate the employee’s income after the admin encode all the information needed. Compare to the manual based system, this is more accurate, fast and easy to use. Moreover, every employee can access the Online Payroll System so that they can monitor their income individually. The project is developed by the Administrator and it will work only in EASTWOODS Professional College of Science and Technology. The proposed system is accessible in all web browser such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Internet Explorer and many others. There are 2 users that can access the system, the Admin and every employee. The Admin can view reports of the calculation of employee’s income. The pro posed system is useful as long as the internet connection is present.

Literacy Autobiography - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 880 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Autobiography Essay Did you like this example? As a child one of my biggest accomplishments was learning how to read. I was in Pre-K when I was introduced to the fundamentals of reading. I remember constantly singing the alphabet song and going over vowels, which helped developed my reading skills. As I got older not only did my reading skills get stronger but so did my interest in reading. You would think as a child I would want the latest toys and games but I was the complete opposite. For my birthday or Christmas I asked for books and movies. My collection of books was expanding so much that I had to get my very own bookshelf. When it came to the different genres of books I read almost everything. Fiction, non-fiction, science fiction, mystery, horror, action and adventure etc. If it was a genre, you can best believe I read it. One character I had a special connection with was Finn Garrett from a book titled The Last Invisible Boy. Finn lost his father and believed he was becoming invisible because a piece of him had died. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Literacy Autobiography" essay for you Create order I was able to connect with this character because I lost my grandmother to lung cancer and I experienced some of the same things he went through. I also felt like a piece of me died when my grandmother passed away, in a way this character and book helped me cope. Furthermore I also developed a strong interest in comic books which was caused by my liking of superhero and action movies. In addition to my book collection my movie collection grew rapid to a point where I had to get dvd racks just to keep them organized. I watched movies more than tv which I still do to this day. I know all the words to multiple movies due to the fact that Ive watched them numerous times. Just like with books, Ive watched a wide variety of movies including comedy, action, horror, etc. Similarly my reading and movie interests come together and bounce off of each other. As a result of my passion for reading, almost everyday after school I would walk to the library. Checking out multiple books and movies was a habit of mine. Many times I would read the book right away and come back the next day to check out another book. I also went to Borders and Barnes and Noble as reading outlets. I didnt start going to Barnes and Noble until Borders suddenly closed, however it still became a favorite spot to read. I remember getting my first magazine subscription after discovering Sports Illustrated for Kids. Overtime I was comfortable with reading almost everywhere. Reading was second nature to me, and my love for it only grew stronger. My very first teacher Ms.Carson was the one who introduced me to reading . It may have just been the basics but it was the foundation of my experience with reading. As I got older and went to elementary and middle school my teachers expressed the importance of reading by assigning weekly reading logs for homework. Even though I hated the homework it didnt stop me from reading. To add, my mom and grandma had positive influences on my interests in reading. When I first began to read my mom would always listen to make sure I was reading fluently and pronouncing words correctly. My grandmother was the one who took me to get my first library card and would take me to the bookstores. We would stay there for hours browsing through different books and magazines. I could honestly say the times we spent together at the bookstore has helped shaped our bond that is still strong today. Lastly my dad was someone who was a positive influence on my interests in movies. Every Tuesday he would go to the store to buy the newest movies that came out on dvd, hence the reason why I own so many movies. In addition, he would also take me to the movies a lot, which I still enjoy. I would go the movies at least three to four times a month with my girlfriend who loves movies just as much as I do. Overall I can say reading was one of the things I enjoyed more than anything as a child. Ironically when I got to high school I began to dread reading. Whether it was a passage out of a textbook or a chapter from a book, I didnt want to read it. I had lost interest in something I loved. As of now I want to start reading for leisure again and not just because I have to. Other things began to interest me and I felt as if reading was not necessary anymore. Teachers in high school didnt care if you read the chapters, theyll still quiz you. Whereas in middle school teachers would make you read in class and constantly remind you. Once I noticed the difference my attitude towards reading changed. However reading has brought me a long way and without it I wouldnt be as successful as I am today. Even though Im not a huge fan of reading Im still appreciative for learning how to do so and I hope to start reading for leisure once again.