Chemical Equilibrium in Chemical Reactions

Chemical equilibrium is the condition which occurs when the concentration of reactants and products participating in a chemical reaction exhibit no net change over time. Chemical equilibrium may also be called a steady state reaction. This does not mean the chemical reaction has necessarily stopped occurring, but that the consumption and formation of substances have reached a balanced condition. The quantities of reactants and products have achieved a constant ratio, but they are almost never equal. There may be much more product or much more reactant. Dynamic Equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the chemical reaction continues to proceed, but a number of products and reactants remain constant. This is one type of chemical equilibrium. Writing the Equilibrium Expression The equilibrium expression for a chemical reaction may be expressed in terms of the concentration of the products and reactants. Only chemical species in the aqueous and gaseous phases are included in the equilibrium expression because the concentrations of liquids and solids does not change. For the chemical reaction: jA kB → lC mD The equilibrium expression is K ([C]l[D]m) / ([A]j[B]k) K is the equilibrium constant[A], [B], [C], [D] etc. are the molar concentrations of A, B, C, D etc.j, k, l, m, etc. are coefficients in a balanced chemical equation Factors That Affect Chemical Equilibrium First, consider a factor that does not affect equilibrium: pure substances. If a pure liquid or solid is involved in equilibrium, it is considered to have an equilibrium constant of 1 and is excluded from the equilibrium constant. For example, except in highly concentrated solutions, pure water is considered to have an activity of 1. Another example is solid carbon, which may be form by the reaction of two carbom monoxide molecules to form carbon dioxide and carbon. Factors that do affect equilibrium include: Adding reactant or product or a change in concentration affects equilibrium. Adding reactant can drive equilibrium to the right in a chemical equation, where more product forms. Adding product can drive equilibrium to the left, as more reactant forms.Changing the temperature alters equilibrium. Increasing temperature always shifts chemical equilibrium in the direction of the endothermic reaction. Decreasing temperature always shifts equilibrium in the direction of the exothermic reaction.Changing the pressure affects equilibrium. For example, decreasing the volume of a gas system increases its pressure, which increases the concentration of both reactants and products. The net reaction will see to lower the concentration of gas molecules. Le Chateliers principle may be used to predict the shift in equilibrium resulting from applying a stress to the system. Le Chateliers principle states that a change to a system in equilibrium will cause a predictable shift in equilibrium to counteract the change.  For example, adding heat to a system favors the direction of the endothermic reaction because this will act to reduce the amount of heat.

Operation Management and Productivity at McDonalds

Introduction The relevance of the effective management of operations in any given firm cannot be overstated. In basic terms, operations management can be said to be that process in which inputs are transformed into outputs in an efficient way with an aim of satisfying consumers. With that in mind, operations management as a management function can be said to be the core of any given business. In this text, I concern myself with the nature of operations management and productivity with a special emphasis on McDonalds Corporation. McDonalds: The Companys Main Line of Business In general terms, McDonalds Corporation according to Yahoo Finance (2012) together with its subsidiaries, franchises and operates McDonalds restaurants primarily in the United States, Europe, the Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa. Given its global presence, the company can be regarded one of the largest fast food entities in the world. Some of the products offered for sale by the company include but they are not limited to french-fries, cookies, chicken sandwiches and hamburgers (Yahoo Finance, 2012). Today, the company is hugely popular given the number of customers served at any of its restaurants as well as franchises worldwide. The main competitors of McDonalds according to Yahoo Finance (2012) include Yum! Brands, Inc., Darden Restaurants, Inc., Starbucks Corporation†¦ This ranking of the top three competitors of McDonalds uses sales as its basis. It is however important toShow MoreRelatedThe Four Level Processes That Wo rks850 Words   |  4 PagesProcesses: The four level processes that works in the Mc Donald’s are 1. Operations excellence: they have a specific way of making burgers, that a person cannot see and once it gets completed they put it in a certain shoot. These shoots only contain their runner products (runner products are the products who have high frequency and volume). Their runner products would be, chips, big mac, hamburger etc. the person behind shoot is taught in a very specific way so that they can produce X number of burgersRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Processes At Mcdonald s The American Fast Food And Hamburger Chain1465 Words   |  6 Pagesselection processes at McDonald’s, the American fast food and hamburger chain. The enterprise is one of the largest restaurant chains globally, operating many outlets in many countries, including Canada. McDonald’s is one of the biggest private employers worldwide because of its numerous outlets in many countries. It operates largely in the model of franchises, in which the enterprise licenses its trade name, produc ts, services, support, and operating methods to other businesses (McDonald’s Corporation, 2008)Read More‘Is good management essential in achieving organizational goals of organizational efficiency, effectiveness and productivity?’1587 Words   |  7 Pages_IS GOOD MANAGEMENT ESSENTIAL IN ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY, EFFECTIVENESS AND PRODUCTIVITY?_ Management is the process of achieving organisational goals through the four functions of management, planning, organising, leading and controlling (Davidson, 2006: 5). For the reason that management involved with such variety of activities that basically would affect the proper function and the flow of the organisation; consequently, the standard of the management is theRead MoreMcdonald s A Fast Food Restaurants Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pages‘Drive-Thru’. In today’s modern society, one thing people seem to be short of is time. We go in restaurants and literally expect ‘fast’ food. Restaurants like McDonald’s have developed ways to decrease the amount of time for which people have to wait for food; thus catching the attention of many Americans going about their day with limited time. McDonald’s developed innovative ways to configure the methods for which its food should be made. Their developments are what have placed them in the top spot, whereRead MoreOperations Management : Mcdonald s Marketing Management1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction 3 About McDonald’s 4 Process of McDonalds 4 Operations management 5 Operations managers 5 Operation strategy of McDonald’s 5 Pricing strategies of McDonald s 6 Innovation at McDonald s to improve operations and services 7 Inventory management 8 The Just-in-Time (JIT) Approach 9 Just- in-Time (JIT) Approach in McDonald’s 9 Advantages and benefits of JIT approach 10 Capacity management 11 Capacity strategies 11 McDonald s capacity strategy 11 Quality management 12 Quality management strategiesRead MoreMcdonalds Operations Management Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagesand time in the operation management department of the business. This report will focus on the business, McDonald’s and what practices they have put in place to ensure that they are producing their products efficiently and sustainably. The business will also be compared and contrasted alongside the American fast-food restaurant chain famous for its fried chicken, providing recommendations on how McDonald’s could further improve their business in the area of waste and time management.  Business BackgroundRead MoreThe Importance Of Management At Mcdonald s And Google Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn what ways are management of companies different or how are they similar to one another? And what is the importance of management in how a company runs nowadays? Many of us question about why knowing the history of management is important to Managers? According to (Samson et al, 2012, Page 53) â€Å"A historical perspective provides a broader way of thinking; a way of searching for patterns and determining whether they recur across time periods.† In the history of management, many trends have appearedRead MoreA Visit At Mcdonald s An Interesting Assignment Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesA visit to McDonald’s is an interesting assignment. McDonald’s organization is a clear example of mechanistic management, also is known as the Frederick Maslow Tylor Classical Perspective the mechanistic management. This perspective combines both Max Weber bureaucr acy theory and hierarchical structure and Henri Fayol administrative principals. Mechanism refers to the way management and employees perform their duties. In an organization like McDonald’s, it is clear how this mechanism works. IfRead MoreThe Principles Of Scientific Management1337 Words   |  6 Pagesago, Frederick Winslow Taylor’s renowned work The Principles of Scientific Management set forth a theory that to this day is subjected to a similar degree of critique and debate to that in the early 20th century. While Taylor’s ideas were evidently influenced by the works of earlier researchers, it is he who is credited as the â€Å"father† of the scientific management movement (Jeacle, 2004, p. 1164). As such, scientific management itself is synonymous with Taylor to the extent that it is commonly referredRead MoreDevelop Good Business Sense981 Words   |  4 Pages Developing Good Business Sense I have chosen to compare three different fast-food restaurants for this project; Stogey’s, McDonald’s and Burger King. I will discuss the differences in the input, operations and output stages of these companies. I will explore the various components of the OMM costs these companies have and how they affect their OMM operations. I will also discuss how companies design their own operating systems to give them a competitive advantage. Finally, I will identify

Book review Free Essays

The Soviet people thought after the war, their lives would get better but Stalin Hough if they wanted more, they would rebel. He did what he could to not let them want more than what they had. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Book review or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the summer of 1948, Stalin ordered a blockade of West Berlin The Cold War Powering 1 . Feeling that the future peace of the world would depend upon relations between the united States and Russia, FED devoted much thought to the planning of a United Nations, In which, he hoped, International difficulties could be settled. . Hiss was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1 948 and convicted of perjury in connection with this hare in 1950. It is very likely that he was innocent. Chapter 26 1 . Why did relations between the United States and Soviet Union deteriorate after WWW? P. 782-791 The USSR was based on a communist system and wanted to spread communism all over the world. The united States was based on a capitalistic democracy and wanted to prevent communism. 2. Why did Truman have Limited success In Implementing his domestic agenda? P. 92-800 Congress rejected Trauma’s proposal for call rights, a medical lobby blocked he plans for a universal health care program, his concent ration on foreign policy rather than domestic didn’t help, and there was a wave of anticommunism that weakened liberal and leftist forces. 3. How did the Korean War shape American foreign policy in the sass? P. 800-805 The Korean War shaped American foreign policy in the sass by showing the American people, and the rest of the World that communism would be militarily opposed. Chapter 27 1 . How did Eisenhower domestic polices reflect his moderate political vision? P. 811-815 He resisted expanding the governments power. Eisenhower, the 34th president of the United States, obtained a truce in Korea and worked incessantly during his two terms to ease the tensions of the Cold War. I infer that he felt the need to end the war, during the war 3. How did technology contribute to changes in economy, substantiation, and the growth of the Sun Belt? P. 821-827 4. Why did American consumption expand so dramatically in the sass and what aspects of society and culture did it influence? P. 827-832 Americans after WWW 2 entered an era of prosperity and affluence. This general well-being can be most Leary seen in the mass consumption of consumers goods fueled by television and the housing boom. The middle class benefited the most 5. What were the goals and strategies of civil rights activists in the sass? P. 832-836 The goals of the civil rights movement were meaningful civil rights laws, a massive federal works program, full and fair employment, decent housing, the right to vote, and adequate integrated education. The right to vote was passed and placed in the bill of rights (1 5th amendment) in 1870 part of the reconstruction era. So during ass’s during the civil rights movement the right to vote was not one of their goals because it was already in effect for African Americans to vote. Chapter 28 1 . Why did Kennedy believe that engagement in Vietnam was crucial to his foreign policy? P. 877-884 Anticommunism, the red threat, expansion of communism in Asia were all part of his foreign policy at the time. The initial engagements in Vietnam were to stop the spread of communism. It was a policy of containment of communism. Kennedy feared that if Vietnam fell so would the rest of the Asia 2. Why did massive amounts of airport and ground troops fail to bring U. S. Victory Vietnam? P. 884-888 3. How did the Vietnam War shape the election of 1968? P. 888-893 LB] refused to run for re-election; he was burned out. The nation wanted (and needed) an experienced â€Å"get the Job done† president. Nixon promised to deliver! The country believed him. And he delivered 4. What strategies did Nixon implement to bring American involvement in Vietnam to a close? P. 893-901 Optimization. Its goal was to create strong, largely self-reliant South Vietnamese military forces. How to cite Book review, Papers Book Review Free Essays Book Review Totto-Chan: The Little Girl at the Window Totto Chan: The Little Girl At The Window is a book which has engaging series of childhood recollections tell about an ideal school, Tomoe that combined learning with fun, freedom, and love and adventure. The school was in the railroad cars for classrooms and run by a good head teacher who was a firm believer in freedom of expression and activity. This book depicts the childhood activities of Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, the author of this book, whose childhood nickname is Totto Chan and translated by Dorothy Britton. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now Expelled from first grade: The story starts with by telling of Totto-Chan’s expelling from the previous school when she was in grade one. The little girl ‘Totto-Chan’ was waiting all the morning for street bands to walk by the school and call them over to play their music which was considered as highly disruptive behaviour and aggravated, her teacher decided that the girl would be no more in the school. Finally, her mother found a school after searching and took her to the school- Tomoe Gakuen, where the little girl Totto-Chan impressed the head-master through her talking which stunned to her mother. The school has only fifty students in total and the classrooms were conducted in disused train cars. In the assembly hall, all students shared their daily lunch consisting of â€Å"something from the ocean (fish, seaweed, bonito flakes, etc. ) and something from the hills (vegetables, beef, pork, pickled plum, etc. ). † So, doubts scaffolding knowledge in Totto-Chan’s mind and she used to ask her mother about it when she returned to home. The headmaster meant to it was balanced food which necessary for children, but the children only concerned about to fulfilled the two requirements. This relates to the everyday knowledge which children can think on it and learn what is necessary for a good health. Mr. Kobayachi, the headmaster believed in experimental learning, even he asked the parents of the children send their kids with their worst clothes to school. Lessons at Tomoe: In that school, Tomoe, children enjoyed lot of freedom in the sense that they were free to do anything as their wish. The head teacher had trust on students; there they were engaged in such adventurous tasks like climbing trees, play freely or stay in class to finish a science experiment during recess. Students were getting space for doing or playing as their wish in which teachers guided them and help them how to do it, so their confidence enhanced through it. Here is a description of classes at Tomoe Gakuen: â€Å"At the beginning of the first period, the teacher made a list of all the problems and questions in the subjects to be studied that day. Then she would say, â€Å"Now, start with any of these you like. † This is one kind of methods of teaching by which teacher can able to observe that the children’s progress to higher grades by observing their interest in which area as well as their way of thinking. I think, it is a best way for teachers to know their students in a better way means to understand their interested field and teach accordingly (p. 12). Many activities based learnings were taught by the headmaster that really seemed impossible in practical, but it was. As you know, Children were encouraged to study whatever subjects they liked first, they were taken to ‘field kitchens’ and ‘farming lessons’ to learn the practical aspects of cooking food and farming, first hand- related to real life experience. Adventures on the school grounds This is very surprising and interesting activity in that school. Totto Chan began her adventurous learning at Tomoe like she had a tree in the ground- which every child understood that tree is their private property, if anyone wanted to climb their tree must seek permission. So, one day she invited her friend Yasuaki-Chan to her tree because she knew that Yasuaki had had polio and could not climb. But Totto-Chan decided that Yasuaki deserved to see the world from the top of a tree, so she used some inventiveness and with full strength she helped Yasuaki to get to the top of the tree. At last, Yasuaki abled to stand in her tree and look at the surrounding areas and enjoyed which filled happiness and thrilled them both. It creates confidence to face the difficulties and problems and enhances problem solving skills. Except this, she had another most memorable experience when she dropped her purse down the toilet! Undaunted, she started emptying the cesspool by using a wooden ladle. Did you know what the headmaster’s reaction was when he saw Totto-Chan was doing such things? He asked her, â€Å"What you were doing† and he replied I dropped my purse. But she kept ladling out the cesspool; and the teacher came once more and asked, â€Å"Did you find it? She replied ‘No’. So, then teacher said in a smiling friendly tone, â€Å"You will put it all back when you have finished, won’t you? † (p. 21-22). So, from this, it seems that how she behaved like a matured person and how her ideas develop in cognitive level spontaneously throu gh practicing ladling continuously for the lost purse. Railroad Car Arrives: The school Tomoe runs in the railroad cars you all knew very well. Miyo-Chan, the third daughter of head master said, there is coming a new railroad car tonight. Already they have sis railroad cars which lined up together as classrooms but one more was coming, so small confusion spread out quickly with terribly excitement also. So, Miyo-Chan was selected as representative to ask to her father about their decision, but her father, the headmaster agreed upon and instruct them to take permission first of their parents and will bring their pajamas and blankets. After reaching home, Totto-Chan explained her mother about a train was coming and she wanted to go and watch it how it was going there without tracks; and asked for mother permission. Her mother got surprise and finally what the matter was about she was talking and went with her to school and some children accompanied with their parents came too. The children were assured by the headmaster that when the railroad car will arrive, I will wake up you all. All children lay down in the Assembly Hall with their pajamas and blankets. In the very morning Totto-Chan woke up and others too, watched the big railroad slowly moved and they all danced in joy. The headmaster explained them, â€Å"Watch carefully, they are called rollers. Rolling power is being used to move that big car. † Through this activity, it is clear that students get idea about how the railroad cars moved from one place to another by using roller power. (p. 23-24) The Library Car Class: After winter vacation, children discovered something new and wonderful, and greeted their discovery with joyous shouts. It is the library car class where everyone wanted to do their first class after the winter break. So, all 50 students piled up into the car with great excitement picked some books and read. But Totto-Chan couldn’t read well, she also picked a picture book that looked most entertaining. The library car class was suddenly full with loud voices like a flock of birds chirping song aloud. Really most entertaining moment for the children the school was ever (p. 61). Similar experience I had when I was in field visit to Vidya Bhawan, Udaipur. They run a Wheel Library for slum children where they carried a van with many books and games accessories especially for children like ludoo, carom, etc. We accompanied them one day in the afternoon (the Wheel Library runs twice in a week to a particular slum area and covers minimum 3 different slum areas), really children enjoyed the book reading- story books, picture books and learning was happening through many activities which conducted by the Wheel Library Teacher. Things to fear: When I think on this, many questions struck to my mind- Who permitted the headmaster to experiment the children, fail and learn, teach them to fear? Are the parents known about the school’s teachings- to teach them to fear? Or Is it school’s objectives to teach the children to learn these things? Having eyes, but not seeing beauty; having ears, but not hearing music; having minds, but not perceiving truth; having hearts that are never moved and therefore never set on fire. These are the things to fear, which were said by the headmaster. War: A Dark Night Cloud A crucial time had come in between happiness and war. At last, the day at the school Tomoe turned to dark night by the war cloud. The World War II reached Japan soon and the school Tomoe Gakuen was destroyed in the war bombings. Through this children were able to learn and understood about cruelties and difficulties of war. As a watcher of the burning his own school in flame, the headmaster said to his son awfully, â€Å"After whom the school had been named, â€Å"What kind of school shall we build next? â€Å" Conclusion: This book is too entertaining to read, or seems like full of fairy-tale or fable, where Totto-Chan seems a magnet for trouble. Each part of the book seems to be a fun recollection story or a memoir of the author’s childhood. This book featured about an alternative schooling where children’s overall develop emphasized through activity based learning rather than the old-fashioned classroom teaching. This book is best for me in the sense that full with pleasurable moments, enjoyment and heart touching incidents. How to cite Book Review, Papers

Diversity Is A Barrier To Effective Teamwork - Samples For Students

Question: Discuss about the Workplace Diversity. Answer: Diversity is a barrier to effective teamwork In this era if globalization, organizations have expanded across the regions. Today, the large organizations have the people from various cultures and diverse backgrounds. The large organizations like Google and Coca-Cola cannot expect diversity to be a challenge for them. There was a time when diversity was considered as a barrier to effective teamwork. However, with globalization, growth of Information Technology, workplace diversity has emerged as a powerful area of focus for large and multinational organizations. In fact, there are times when the inputs from diverse employees can add to team productivity (Birnbaum Lach, 2014). For example, Amazon has an outstanding team, which comes from different areas and scenarios, but they are united through diversity. With different unique individuals holding different knowledge being both tacit and explicit, the department and the running day to day of the business is made smoother and faster. Knowledge has become one of the most important resources within todays challenging business environment. The objective of this essay is to discuss if diversity is a barrier to effective teamwork or not. The initial research suggests the strong leadership and organizational culture can help organizations to overcome the diversity barriers. It is imperative to figure out how organizations are shaped in terms of geographical, phenomenological, cultural, pathophysiological, and epidemical aspects. The leaders have to identify the population to focus intervention efforts toward workplace diversity. Thus, leaders should search for the good tools for workplace diversity assessment by focusing on employees learning readiness to reduce disparity and prepare for cultural diversity depending on different population groups. Before approaching organizations and employees, leaders must be ready to assess them to prevent from having lack of understanding between the workforce from different cultural background (Newitz, 2015). There are ways in place that leaders can take to overcome the diversity challenge and ensure that diversity is not a barrier for effective team work. For example, Whole Foods Market believes that the key to their success is creating an environment of excellence and happiness. When hiring new employees, they are searching for team members who will continue to maintain that kind of environment. The employee ratings based on 869 employee surveys were well above 90% for every area: challenges, atmosphere, rewards, pride, communication, and management. Whole Foods Market provides several perks and programs to support and enhance their employees. They are always looking for team members who want to make a difference in the lives of others, which is a primary example of building communities, one of the twelve principles of servant leadership. Servant leaders have a robust sense of community and they work hard to promote it in an organization (Reidenbach Robin, 2013). When contemporary organizations take an interest and investment in their employees, then that attitude is infused within the employees and spreads within the work environment. A feeling of a 'family' atmosphere grows among the associates and they learn to work, play and pray as a family would and stand beside each other to always make sure each person is taken care of including the success of the organization. Therefore, it can be said that a lot depends on organizational culture and leadership approach if leaders want to overcome the diversity barriers or not. To ensure that diversity is not a challenge for effective teamwork, it is important that organizations should have effective leadership. It is suggested that organizations should practice authentic leadership. By definition, authentic leadership is an approach to leadership that emphasizes building the leader's legitimacy through honest relationships with followers, which value their input and are built on an ethical foundatio n (Parry Jackson, 2011). The key questions that organization would have to answer while implementing the authentic leadership style would be: Can one care for another if not authentic about their own ambitions? Can one be taught to bypass their own ambitions to become a better leader such as a servant leader? There are leaders that have fooled many by their fruits as to their selfish life but are able to serve. The problem with not being authentic is ones inputs will not last for long. Furthermore, there are various ways, supported by Information Technology, for diversity management. There are organizations like Cisco that offers teleconferencing solutions for corporate. Team members can schedule regular meeting with each other to know the updates and upcoming tasks of the projects. Though, it is very effective but still body language and eye contacts are missing which are important pillars of any communication (Knutsen Brock, 2014). Video conferencing is also effective but it requires proper infrastructure and logistics to organize. Another leadership style that could help organizations to overcome the diversity barriers would be servant leadership. A few of the companies that have found success through servant leadership are Chick-fil-a, Starbucks and Whole Foods. For example Whole Foods encourages self responsibility-which means the company takes responsibility for not only their successes but for their failures as well, self-directed teams where the teams meet regularly to discuss issues, solve problems and appreciate others opinions. They also have empowering work environments where they create a work environment where its team members can flourish (wholefoodmarket.com). Therefore, it is recommended that large and multinational organizations must focus on servant leadership. First, firms that move away from the traditional model from managing their firms have seen great jumps in profits. Some of these nontraditional publicly traded companies are Costco, Starbucks, and Whole Foods Market. In addition, are tho se companies that are listed under Firms of Endearment (FOE) companies. These FOEs companies believe that profit and purpose are linked, as it should. Overall, the FOEs companies treat both internal and external stakeholders well. Note, according to industry today firm that adopts some form of servant leader will see an increase of ten to twenty percent each year in profit/net. This concept of servant leadership is more than treating all stakeholders well but problem-solving as well. In addition, Bill Flint, (The Journey to Competitive Advantage through Servant Leadership) believed that servant leaders are passionate in delivering improved results by adopting fuelling Greenleafs writings and not limited to. The multinational organizations that want to overcome the cultural barriers must focus on servant leadership style. The questions that organizations and leaders should answer is that, How can servant leadership possibly be profitable for a business and how it can ensure effective team work without any diversity challenges? It would seem counter intuitive that by focusing on making employees happy instead of focusing on profit, minimizing cost, and maximizing employee efficiency, a company will be more competitive. However, by focusing on the employees, the leadership of a company or organization can increase their profitability by minimizing the cost of employee turnover. Unhappy employees who leave, resulting in constant turnover, can financially cripple an organization. Estimates are that to replace a single employee can cost between 100% to 300% of the employees base salary, as well as slowing down the efficiency of the area they are placed in, as others have to train the newly hi red employee, losing time they would spend on their own duties (Moody, 2000). In an article on the Ritz-Carlton leadership website, the company reveals that they believe that by putting employees first and using servant leadership, their profitability has increased. The article also tells the companys managers that if they focus solely on formal authority authority because of a title as opposed to moral authority, they will never reach 100% leadership effectiveness. By behaving morally and ethically with their employees, the employees are more vested in making sure the leadership succeeds (Boehm Kunze, 2015). As a conclusion it can be said that diversity could be a challenge or barrier for effective teamwork. However, the challenge of diversity is not something that cannot be overcome. It all depends on organizational culture. If the organization has an open culture where the leaders welcome the people from various backgrounds then diversity should not be considered as a challenge to effective teamwork. It is important that organizations should have strong policies in place about diversity management. It is also important that these policies and strategies should be communicated to different stakeholders of organizations. The leaders should also take inputs from various employees before implementing the policies of strategy development (Dion, 2012). The Information Technology is a powerful tool for organizations to have an environment in place where the challenges of workplace diversity could be minimized. In the end, it can be said that it all depends on the will power of leaders in the organization. Therefore, the multinational organizations must have strong leaders at top who are visionary and who welcomes the cultural differences between people. References Birnbaum, R. and Lach, L., 2014. Teaching About What Ethical Social Work Practice Means: Responsibility Starts With Schools of Social Work.Lencadrement juridique de la pratique professionnelle, p.37. Boehm, S.A. and Kunze, F., 2015. Age diversity and age climate in the workplace. InAging workers and the employee-employer relationship(pp. 33-55). Springer International Publishing. Dion, M., 2012. Are ethical theories relevant for ethical leadership? Leadership Organization Development Journal,33(1), pp.4-24. Knutsen, W., Brock, K. (2014). Introductory essay: From a closed system to an open system: A parallel critical review of the intellectual trajectories of publicness and nonprofitness.Voluntas: International Journal Of Voluntary Nonprofit Organizations, 25(5), 1113-1131 Newitz, A. (2015). Google Attempts to Fight Patent Trolls with a Pretty Dubious Strategy. Retrieved from: https://gizmodo.com/google-attempts-to-fight-patent-trolls-by-buying-pat-1700413270 Reidenbach, R.E. and Robin, D.P., 2013. Some Initial Steps Toward Improving the Measurement of Ethical Evaluations of Marketing Activities. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 315-328). Springer Netherlands.